Fukyama V huntington Essay - 722 Words

Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington are two of the most controversial and influential modern political theorists of our times. Fukuyama’s book, The End of History and the Last Man, and Huntington’s book, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, pose two very conflicting theories on international relations. In this paper I will summarize and compare/contrast the two theories. Both theories, written since the fall of communism and updated since the first gulf war, have been widely read, taught, praised and criticized The End of History and the Last Man is a book in which Francis Fukuyama argues the controversial thesis that the end of history, a time when class distinctions no longer exist, believing them to be the†¦show more content†¦To understand Fukuyama’s theory one must look beyond the specific words. Fukuyama is not claiming that history has or will end and that occurrences of history will cease to exist. He is saying that democracy is such a perfect and Idealistic form of rule that no major change in political philosophy can happen in the future. Historical occurrences will still exist, but they will be within the realm of the current political philosophical thought. Fukuyama goes even further to prove his point by showing that the new philosophies on government created since the oncoming of democracy, (Communism, Socialism, etc.) have ultimately failed and democracy has prevailed in its place. In the Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argues that the primary political actors in the 21st century will be civilizations and that the primary conflicts will be conflicts between these civilizations rather then between nation states. Huntington Writes: â€Å"It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between

Should Corporations Be Allowed On The Government

Alon Schwarz Mrs. Lui-Grossman English 11- Period 2 26 January 2015 Should Corporations Be Allowed to Influence the Government? Democracy (n) - â€Å"a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives† (Merriam-Webster, 228). This is the textbook definition of the type of government Americans are led to believe that they have. There is much evidence, however, that states otherwise. To argue that the United States is a pure democracy would be totally irrational due to the ever increasing proof that contradicts the very definition of democracy of which this country is built on. The largest factor affecting the deterioration of democracy is corruption of government officials, and said corruption is perpetrated on the most part by corporations. Corporations have far too much influence on the direction of campaigns, perhaps more than that of the people. Once they put a candidate in office, they can gently push the passage of laws that benefit them through the legislative system. This can be viewed through many angles, such as campaign funding, donations, or just outright bribery. This brings up another question: Should such acts be tolerated? If white-collar crimes committed by individuals are heavily persecuted, shouldn’t like crimes committed by large corporations be persecuted in the same way, if not in a more astute fashion? The answer to both of these questions boils down to the same fact- CorporateShow MoreRelatedIs Money A Corrupt?977 Words   |  4 PagesIs Money Speech. The funding of political campaigns and lobbying is one area where the freedom of â€Å"speech† should defiantly be restricted. In the 2000s, a series of court cases that culminated in Citizens United v. FEC have destroyed the ability of the American people to properly regulate election spending. As a result of this, the government has become massively corrupt, the government is now even less accountable to the American people, and the country has been greatly destabilized. Of course,Read MoreSpeech : Is Money Speech?919 Words   |  4 PagesIs Money Speech? The funding of political campaigns and lobbying is one area where the freedom of â€Å"speech† should defiantly be restricted. In the 2000s, a series of court cases that culminated in Citizens United v. FEC have destroyed the ability of the American people to properly regulate election spending. As a result of this, the government has become massively corrupt, the government is now even less accountable to the American people, and the country has been greatly destabilized. Of course,Read MoreFreedom of Speech: Should We Be Spending Money to Transmit Messages?544 Words   |  3 Pagesspeech in the first amendment covers the right to express ideas without unjustifiable government control. Should the government decide that spending money to send out a message is unconstitutional or should they step back and remember that restrictions should not be imposed regardless of the citizen or entity? Since freedom of speech should not be restricted for anyone, money used to transmit a be lief or an idea should not be restricted either. In order for speech to be heard in almost any facet, moneyRead MoreCorporate Political Campaign Spending: Is Democracy for Sale?1598 Words   |  7 Pagesof funding is, as the name suggests, money provided to a campaign from a corporation with the expectation that the additional money will assist the candidate in winning. Although this may seem like a simple, benign transaction, it is not all that straightforward and thoughtless. Funding of this caliber is a classic example of one hand washing the other; there is absolutely no reason to believe that these immense corporations are receiving nothing in return for the large sums of money that they areRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 Pagesfor wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfare and many men, women, and children toiled long hours in unsafe factory conditions. Expanding communications through the widespread use of telephones, magazines, and newspapers brought the plight of the poor and oppressed to middle-class America. Improving personal economics allowed these reformers to think less about personalRead MoreDiscussion On Canadian Magazine Dispute915 Words   |  4 Pagesthink the U.S.-Canadian magazine dispute was motivated by genuine desires to protect Canadian culture? I suspect that the real motive of the Canadian government was not to protect Canadian culture in this dispute with the US. But rather, it seemed to concern more with political and economic factors. As appeared in the article, the Canadian government finally gave in and went on to settle the dispute (The Levin Institute, [1]). To me, that seems somewhat irrational to suddenly give up on one’s cultureRead MoreThe Third Theory Is Monopoly Capitalism1433 Words   |  6 PagesCapitalism. Monopoly capitalism can help explain how the government created Sallie Mae and others like it. It says that the government is allowed massive growth and becomes the deep pocket for guaranteeing profits for large corporations through government contracts and other forms of corporate welfare. It also favors the growth of large corporations at the expense of smaller ones. Sallie Mae had a huge hold on congress. Sallie Mae allowed for the government to make profits off of the loans that Sallie Mae Read MoreAmeric The People, For The Corporations1738 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica: By the People, For the Corporations I. Introduction Corporate money in politics has become an increasingly prominent issue in the political spectrum of the United States after the 2010 Citizens United Supreme Court decision which lifted the cap on political contributions from corporations, thus increasing the influence companies have on the US electoral process (Shekar 71). This controversial court case brought the issue of non-voter influence on elected officials to the political stageRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Reform966 Words   |  4 PagesPrison reform is an issue that has been a concern for a long period of time. The problems that Angela Davis brings up throughout her book are only some of the problems with the prison system. Whether it be the influence of corporations on prisons and legislators, the role that racism plays, or the safety of the prisoners. Her solution to these problems is the abolition of jails and prisons by creating policies that will reduce the number of people sent to prison. This would destroy the priso n systemRead MoreThe On The Housing Market Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket discipline is its ability to identify risk and deters immoral behavior. The 2008 financial crisis was induced by the dissolution of market discipline and rampant immoral behavior. Thus, to safeguard against another financial crisis congress should address moral hazard and restore market discipline. The first recommendation is to reduce and limit the size of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Which would allow open competition in the mortgage industry and enable the market to decide the best investments

Ideas that Shaped the Constitution Free Essays

I will discuss 3 main ideas regarding the Federalist Papers. The Federalist Papers wanted to protect the people as a whole, not Just individuals. Before the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideas that Shaped the Constitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Constitution was formed, the leaders believed that a weak central government wouldn’t have enough power to protect the rights of individual people. After the U. S. Constitution was created, the document called for a strong central government, one that would have power over the state governments and provide a unified authority on legislating, nforcing and judging laws. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? The overall purpose of the Federalist Papers was to convince the people that a stronger centralized government would be more protective ot their rights. The Federalist papers were written to convince people to ratify the Constitution The papers discussed the unequivocal experience of the Incompetence of the federal government and the need for a stronger central government. They wanted the public to support the constitution and get involved. Many leaders wanted a entralized government because they feared If the power remained In the states It would eventually tear the government apart. States fought with each other over power and they wanted the power to be centralized not at the states level. The States had more power than the government. Many far-sighted leaders realized that the self-interests of the states would eventually tear the union apart. and that the Articles of Confederation provided no legal or political means to stop it. States quarreled with one another over land claims, commerce regulations, and frequently rected imposts against neighboring states. Although strictly forbidden by the Articles, states established relations and treaties with foreign nations and refused to send much needed tax money to congress. Due to the difficult amendment process, attempts to endow congress with greater authority to tax and to regulate commerce could be stopped by the refusal of a single state. Who was the attended audience? The original purpose ot the Federalist Papers was to elect Pro-constitution delegates to the New York state ratification convention. The proposed audience was the erchants of New York City, whose support was vital if the upstate Antifederalists were to be overpowered. This ettort ultimately tailed. Only nineteen Federalists were elected from New York City, while forty-six Antifederalists were elected from upstate, led by Governor George Clinton. The papers were printed In only a dozen papers Ideas tha mccantsr uC outs10e 0T New York, ana tnelr Innuence on tne overall vote was n the Articles of Confederation fail? The articles of confederation were written to oversee the 13 origin breaking away from Great Britain in 1776. The articles of confeder many reasons. The main reason was that the states had too much federal government weak. There was no one person in charge, the executive branch. Congress didn’t have any power; decisions had all 13 states. Drafted during the years 1776 and 1777, while the c fighting for independence, the Articles of Confederation created a government with most of the governmental powers retained by th Articles provided no separation of branches. Congress, the legisla branch of government. When laws were presented, they required Congress voted as states not as individuals. The Articles of Confe written to govern the interaction of the thirteen original states aft independence from Great Britain in 1776. They proved to be ineff US Constitution was adopted to replace the Articles of Confederati an active government is critical to the protection of individual righ government under the Articles of Confederation was unable to eff individual rights because it did not act directly upon the people, a authority to enforce its laws. The Constitution requires that the pe are needed to ratify the document and decide whether they will t the framers or not. How to cite Ideas that Shaped the Constitution, Papers

MIA By Law Case Study free essay sample

However, this situation shows indirectly violation of the MIA By Law as the audit firm can ask the other audit firm to undertake as if the firm does not have capacity or due to lack of staff results from other factors as well there is restrain that result to the firm cannot perform the audit. But in this case, the situation when Ariff has offered Aminurrashid a certain percentage of the audit fee and Aminurrashid accepted if even though Aminurrashid has reluctant to accept initially is violated MIA By Law under integrity as the principle of integrity requires a professional accountant to be sincere, honest and straight forward in his business relationship and professionals. Aminurrashid should not accept the money and Ariff should not offer the percentage of audit fee as this also will arise the conflict of interest or any threats later. The second situation shows the violation of the MIA By Law is when Ariff accepting the offer instantly without considering the man power that he has. This situation shows that Ariff has violated the professional competence and due care. This is because Ariff need to know either his firm has capability in performing the audit due diligence and due care to avoid the incompetent services which result to unreliable report as well as the audit report can be questioned. The third situation shows in this case is when Ariff spend most of his time in his other company, a construction company and he seldom come to his CA firm and would trust the Audit Seniors to lead the assignments and subsequently review the working papers. In fact, he only comes to his CA office if he needs to sign the independent Auditors Reports or having meeting with his potential and current clients. This violated MIA By Law of professional behavior as the CA has an obligation to act in a consistent manner with the good reputation of profession. However, in this case, Ariff ignore his responsibility in reviewing the audit assignment works by the Senior Auditors which he need to concern on the matter arise that will effect audit report. In fact, as mentioned earlier, the firms are not competent to undertake this client, thus Ariff should also focus on CA office to guide and review the senior auditors’ works as well as engagement performance to avoid the negligence in the performance that discreditable to the accounting professionals. Question 2 Indicate the elements of Quality Control at Engagement level which are not adhered by riff Al-Hakim Associates. (12 marks) When Ariff Al-Hakim Associates accept to undertake a financial statement audit of VCE Construction Work Sdn. Bhd. , the firm do not adhered one of the elements of Quality Control at engagement level which is acceptance and continuance of clients and audit engagements. In this case, the engagement partner should consider the independent and competency of the audit team, the integrity of the principal owners, management and those charged with governance of the entity. These factors, including any conflicts with the existing client, should also be taken into consideration in decisions relating to continuance of client relationship. Moreover, Ariff Al-Hakim Associates does not also obey the ethical requirement. The engagement partner should obtain sufficient information about the audit in order to evaluate whether there are any threats to independence and if they identifies breaches to independence policies or procedures, the partner should take appropriate action to address or eliminate such treats. However, in this case, Ariff as the engagement partner does not perform this element of Quality Control as he easily passed his responsibility to Senior Auditors and also do not communicate promptly to the firm’s actions to resolve the issue on independence and documented conclusion regarding such matter if any. Other than that, Ariff Al-Hakim Associates also does not adhere with the assignment of engagement team. In this element of quality control, the engagement partner should ensure that the audit is in accordance with professional standards and in line with the regulatory requirements. Quality control on assignment of audit team should ensure that the personnel of the audit team have the necessary technical training and proficiency required in the circumstances. However, in this case each team consist of one audit senior, one audit assistant and trainers which have small manpower and Ariff also ignore the technical training on the team, especially on trainees. In addition, Ariff Al-Hakim Associates also do not adhere with the engagement level that should be implemented in quality control. The engagement partner is responsible for the overall direction and performance of the audit engagement. Such responsibility covers not only risk assessment and audit planning but also the supervision. Before the audit report is issued, the engagement partner should review the audit documentation to ensure that sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained to support audit opinion in the report. However, Arif Al-Hakim as a partner ignore his responsibility as he trust the audit senior to lead the assignments and subsequently review the working paper. Question 3 Discuss the type of audit report that Ariff Al-Hakim Associates should be issued to Deenurleez Weeding Planner Sdn. Bhd.? (6 marks) The type of audit report that riff Al-Hakim Associates should issue to Deenurliz Weeding Planner Sdn. Bhd. Is qualified audit report. In this case, there is a limitation on scope that leads to departure from unqualified auditor’s report. In this case, during the course o audit, Ariff faced problem in verifying the debtor’s outstanding balance as the accounting book of records are incomplete and unsystematic. In addition, the staff of Deenurliz Wedding Planner Sdn. Bhd. was not cooperative in helping the auditor solves the problems. Moreover, the auditor intention to send confirmation to debtors was mistakenly understood by the client and they prohibit the auditor from sending the confirmation to the debtors. Thus, we should issue a disclaimer audit report because of these limitations of scope on the audit. The auditor disclaims an opinion on the financial statements because the possible effect on the limitation of scope is so material and pervasive that the auditor has not been able to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence to form an opinion on the overall financial statement. As in this case, the amount of debtor is considered as material and they affect other items in financial statement such as sales and cash account. Question 4 Briefly explain on the scope paragraph in the Independent’s Auditors Report. (4 marks) The auditor’s report is the main product or output of the audit. The audit report, also known as the audit opinion, is the culmination of a process of collecting and evaluating sufficient appropriate evidence concerning the true and fair view presentation of management’s assertions in the financial statements. The auditor’s report on financial statements provides authorititative guidance on the basic elements and forms of audit reports. The auditor’s report advices users whether the auditee’s financial statement have been prepared in accordance with stated set of accounting principle (GAAP), whether they are free from material misstatement. Thus, the report is an assurance whether the financial statement information presented by the auditee is materially trustworthy for making various decisions. However, under certain circumstances, it is not appropriate for the auditors to issue a clean opinion or an unqualified report. The two basic reasons an auditor may be unable to express an unqualified opinion are limitation of scope and disagreement between auditor’s view and management’s view. Hence, there will be three types of audit reports resulting from scope limitation or disagreement. There are qualified report, disclaimer report, and adverse report. If there is material effect on the financial statements, the auditor would conclude that the issue of an unqualified report is not appropriate.