A Look at Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks

A Look at Martin Luther King Jr. what's more, Rosa Parks Free Online Research Papers Two verifiable figures that I believe are significant are Martin Luther King Jr. what's more, Rosa Parks. These chronicled figures share numerous things for all intents and purpose, yet they likewise have their disparities. One primary concern they shared for all intents and purpose was that they were both daring enough to take a few activities to change the method of living to improve things. Their principle objective was to stop the ghastly isolation that was occuring in the mid 1900s. Their courageous activities were effective and they hugy affected the U.S. They had various methods of taking their activities yet whichever way they were a major assistance to the numerous other African Americans that accomplished isolation of open offices around then. Martin Luther King Jr. was conceived on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Rosa Parks, whos original name is Rosa Louise McCauley, was conceived on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. They were both raised somewhat extraordinary. Lord had the upside of being raised by the two his mom and father, while Parks guardians seperated when she was youthful. They likewise recieved altogether different trainings. Lord recieved strong training and even went to College. Parks didnt get the opportunity to try and finish High School. She needed to drop out as a Junior in High School on the grounds that since her mom and her were living with her grandparents, Parks needed to leave school to take care of her wiped out grandma. After that she stayed away forever and rather found a new line of work at a shirt industrial facility in Montgomery. She before long wedded a stylist named Raymond Parks who was an individual from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Wi th his help, Parks completed her secondary school degree in 1933 and got one of the pioneers of the NAACP. Both authentic figures had the objective of closure isolation yet they had various inspirations. Rosa Parks inspiration was that she was worn out on surrendering her seat to white travelers openly transports. Around then the city code necessitated that all open transportation be isolated and that transport drivers had the intensity of a cop to complete the arrangements of the code. African Americans needed to sit at the rear of the transport while whites sat in the front. In the event that the transport became excessively busy, African Americans needed to surrender their seat for any standing white individuals. Rosa Parks needed to end this and on December 1, 1955, she did. On that day she had a taxing day of work at the Montgomery Fair retail chain. She boarded the Cleveland Avenue transport for home. The transport had got swarmed so the transport driver requested her to get up and give her seat to a white individual. Rosa parks declined to so she was captured and seen as blameworth y at preliminary. Subsequent to finding out about her capture, different individuals from the NAACP started to compose a blacklist of Montgomerys city transports. Every single African American remained off the transports and rather discovered different methods of transportation. This blacklist was a triumph and it injured the travel companys accounts. The city of Montgomery presently had no real option except to lift the law requiring isolation on open transports. These legitimate activities with the assistance of the African American people group made the 382-day Montgomery Bus Boycott one of the biggest and best developments against racial isolation ever. Martin Luther King Jrs inspiration was his mid year involvement with the North before he began school. He was stunned by how calmly the races blended in the North. This experience extended his developing scorn of racial isolation. In the wake of wedding Coretta Scott in 1953, King became minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. At the point when the Montgomery Bus Boycott began, after Rosa Parks capture, King was chosen the pioneer. He was all around prepared and since he was new around, he didnt have any foes and was all around regarded. Despite the fact that his house was desroyed and his familys security was compromised, he kept on driving the blacklist and one year and half a month later, the citys transports were integrated. He didnt stop there, he at that point sorted out the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Ruler addressed in all pieces of the nation and talked about race-related issues with social liberties. His most acclaimed was t he I Have A Dream discourse. In late October he was captured with 33 youngsters fighting isolation at the lunch counter in an Atlanta retail establishment. Ruler was discharged uniquely with the assistance of a Democratic presidential applicant John F. Kennedy. As King had trusted, every one of these activities together strongly affected national assessment and brought about the section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This demonstration approved the national government to implement integration of open lodging and banning segregation in freely claimed offices and in work. Beside these distinctions, these two chronicled figures have numerous similitudes. They were both raised during the hour of racial isolation. They encountered such a great amount of disdain from these supremacist white individuals. This urged them two to stand up and request their privileges as residents. They were both significant individuals from the NAACP and they really cooperated as well. They did all they expected to do to get their opportunity. Their activities put them two in prison however once they were out they kept on working considerably harder for their opportunity. They were both enormous parts in the closure of isolation. Significantly after their demise , they were both known as regarded and cherished people. Examination Papers on A Look at Martin Luther King Jr. also, Rosa ParksComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingCapital PunishmentCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Jazz Pedagogy Secondary School Music Teachers free essay sample

Jazz teaching method is certifiably not a necessary field of study for music instruction studies the territory of California and numerous different states. Numerous new music educators, utilized as band chiefs in auxiliary schools, frequently wind up coordinating a Jazz troupe with next to zero individual involvement with playing or Improvising Jazz. Jazz Is one of the most significant music instructed out in the open center and secondary schools (Kelly, 2013). There are a few examinations (Mantle, 2009, Milkiest, 2001 , Wetted, 2007), which show that investment and enthusiasm for government funded school Jazz band programs has kept on ascending since the sass.Moonwalk (2001) reports that, In 1960, there were 5,000 secondary school jazz groups in this nation, and in 1980 there were more than 500,000. Understudies studying English Literature, would not gain their four year college education, not to mention meet all requirements for their Single Subject Teaching Credential in English, while never contemplating William Shakespeare. In any case, In the province of California, understudies studying music training can graduate and get their California State Single Subject Teaching Credential while never taking a class in Jazz contemplates. We will compose a custom paper test on Jazz Pedagogy Secondary School Music Teachers or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In California, music educators are endowed to show music, including Jazz music, to more than 2. Million understudies in excess of 1200 center schools and 1300 secondary schools all through the state (CA Dept. Of Education 2011-12), and a considerable lot of them have no involvement with Jazz teaching method. Both Kelly (2013) and Milkiest (2001), concur that most music instruction majors enter the field with practically no jazz understanding and are relied upon to be specialists (at any rate according to understudies, heads, and guardians) without sufficient help from university music education.Graduating as a music training major with no course work in jazz teaching method and no close to home involvement with jazz act of spontaneity is a slightly open shortcoming in the music educational plan, in the province of California. Remarking on the 1994 distribution of the US National Music Standards, Benedict, (2006, p. 18), expressed It gives the idea that, in the course of recent years, little has changed, or been addressed, with respect to the objectives and reasons for a music instruction program. Changing the prevailing the norm in any association, organization or government implies changing the demeanor and predispositions of the people that are in control.Those In control could be viewed as the oppressors, yet not the oppressors that Paulo Fire alludes to in his original book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Or maybe, the oppressor alludes to the authority found in the public arena, and in this way schools, directs what and whose information is most worth having (Benedict, 2006, p. 21). In music training, for instance, contemplations of educational plan in particular what of everything that can possibly be instructed Is most worth instructing - ? can't be dictated by exact research and in this way are everything except disregarded in the current how to atmosphere of instrumental explanation (Resel lers, 2005, p. ). The contrasts among hypothesis and practice are issues that can be seen through the viewpoint of basic hypothesis. Basic hypothesis Is a hypothesis of social change. The alma of basic scholars Is to reveal the basic suppositions we have about a given subject; they help and uncover what shield us from understanding the genuine truth of that subject. In the expressions of Resellers, (2005, p. 17), I OFF and hence makes the individual the subject of their own fate, not an article for the doing of instrumental explanation. Basic cognizance can enable individuals to take responsibility for own and aggregate interests and enable them to change those interests. A basic hypothesis of music training will look with endorsement on strategies that really enable understudies to have the option to and need to be musically required all through existence with music (Resellers, 2005, p. 19). Schools and colleges need to consider better approaches for encouraging their instruction majors a more extensive kind of music. Instructing, what has been viewed as the standard educational program content, isn't giving future music instructors the devices and orders they have to show Jazz pedagogy.Being a powerful educator of Jazz requires the educator to be a specialist of Jazz. A careless course in Jazz teaching method won't do the trick. Future optional teachers need to take an interest in Jazz gatherings. Teachers need to figure out how to extemporize and make tunes over the blues and standard harmony movements. They have to know the historical backdrop of Jazz and who the significant supporters of the artistic expression were and right now are. Music teachers must overcome any barrier between band collection and Jazz culture. To be compelling as instructors ? instructors who can demonstrate, guide, and coach youthful Jazz artists, and who can associate them to the network of Jazz-?music training understudies must inundate themselves in the sounds, styles, and culture of Jazz (Vole, 2005, p. 2). At first, finding out about Jazz is figuring out how to tune in. Altering the educational program in our schools and colleges, to permit training majors to investigate Jazz, implies changing the domineering thought that instructing music is just showing Western old style craftsmanship music.We need to change the course inventory, yet in addition change the disposition of the music workforce. The music writing educated all things considered schools is an impression of the workforce that instructs at those foundations. Despite the fact that Jazz instructional method has detonated in the course of recent years, it is indicated little regard by numerous employees in establishments of Geiger learning. We have to enable instruction majors and employees to change business as usual of the music training educational program. Jazz instruction is a fundamental piece of the music educational program in government funded schools, in California.

Neurotransmitter Linked to Pleasure Reward in Brain

Neurotransmitter Linked to Pleasure Reward in Brain Addiction Drug Use Print Neurotransmitter Orexin and Reward Seeking in the Brain Orexin Could Be Key to New Drug Treatments By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 29, 2020 Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a neurotransmitter discovered in 1998 which is produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain that is involved in wakefulness and arousal. Because of its role related to sleep, orexin has been targeted as a treatment for sleep disorders. Medications known as orexin receptor antagonists have been developed to block the signaling of the chemical in the brain to promote sleep. Because orexin plays a role in keeping us awake and alert, blocking its effects could potentially improve sleep. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved suborexant (Belsomra), an orexin receptor antagonist, as a sleeping aid. Scientists have found that orexin may also play a role in reward-seeking, drug relapse, and addiction and therefore may lead to new treatments for drug addiction. Researchers found that orexin neurons extend into the regions of the brain linked to reward pathways suggesting that these transmitters may play a role in motivation and reward-seeking behavior. Penn State researcher Glenda Harris, Ph.D., working with Gary Aston-Jones, Ph.D., in the Department of Psychiatry, investigated the relationship between orexin and reward-seeking by studying orexin function in rats using a behavioral test aimed at mimicking food- and drug-reward seeking and drug relapse. The lateral hypothalamus has been tied to reward and pleasure for decades, but the specific circuits and chemicals involved have been elusive, says Aston-Jones. This is the first indication that the neuropeptide orexin is a critical element in reward-seeking and drug addiction. These results provide a novel and specific target for developing new approaches to treat addiction, obesity, and other disorders associated with dysfunctional reward processing. The researchers found a strong link between the activation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and reward-seeking of morphine, cocaine, and food. They found that the highest levels of activity in the orexin neurons appeared in rats demonstrating the greatest level of reward-seeking. Turning Drug Seeking on and Off The study revealed an association between orexins and the reward pathways of the lab rats in three ways: Activation of orexin neurons is related to preferences by the rats for cues associated with drug and food rewardsChemical activation of orexin neurons reinstated an extinguished drug-seeking behaviorDirect injection of orexin reinstated drug-seeking behavior. In addition, when the researchers gave the rats a specific orexin antagonist, the animals initial learning of a drug preference and the reinstatement of extinguished drug-seeking behavior were blocked. Reward-Seeking Can Be Extinguished Because of the relationship between orexin activation and reinstatement of reward-seeking behavior, these findings may have implications for understanding drug-taking relapse in humans, the researchers wrote. An animals reward-seeking can be extinguished over time by repeatedly exposing the animal to the environment possessing drug-related cues without the previous drug rewards. After extinguishing reward-seeking, presenting a stimulus that was previously associated with the drug will lead animals to quickly resume reward-seeking, similar to what happens when humans have a drug relapse, they said. New Target for Developing Treatment Using a neuropeptide that activates orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, Harris, and colleagues were able to reinstate drug-seeking in the rats whose drug-seeking behavior was previously extinguished. These findings indicate a new set of neurons and associated neuronal receptors that are critical in consummatory reward processing, says Aston-Jones. This provides a new target for developing drugs to treat disorders of reward processing such as drug and alcohol addiction, smoking, and obesity.

Fukyama V huntington Essay - 722 Words

Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington are two of the most controversial and influential modern political theorists of our times. Fukuyama’s book, The End of History and the Last Man, and Huntington’s book, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, pose two very conflicting theories on international relations. In this paper I will summarize and compare/contrast the two theories. Both theories, written since the fall of communism and updated since the first gulf war, have been widely read, taught, praised and criticized The End of History and the Last Man is a book in which Francis Fukuyama argues the controversial thesis that the end of history, a time when class distinctions no longer exist, believing them to be the†¦show more content†¦To understand Fukuyama’s theory one must look beyond the specific words. Fukuyama is not claiming that history has or will end and that occurrences of history will cease to exist. He is saying that democracy is such a perfect and Idealistic form of rule that no major change in political philosophy can happen in the future. Historical occurrences will still exist, but they will be within the realm of the current political philosophical thought. Fukuyama goes even further to prove his point by showing that the new philosophies on government created since the oncoming of democracy, (Communism, Socialism, etc.) have ultimately failed and democracy has prevailed in its place. In the Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argues that the primary political actors in the 21st century will be civilizations and that the primary conflicts will be conflicts between these civilizations rather then between nation states. Huntington Writes: â€Å"It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between

Should Corporations Be Allowed On The Government

Alon Schwarz Mrs. Lui-Grossman English 11- Period 2 26 January 2015 Should Corporations Be Allowed to Influence the Government? Democracy (n) - â€Å"a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives† (Merriam-Webster, 228). This is the textbook definition of the type of government Americans are led to believe that they have. There is much evidence, however, that states otherwise. To argue that the United States is a pure democracy would be totally irrational due to the ever increasing proof that contradicts the very definition of democracy of which this country is built on. The largest factor affecting the deterioration of democracy is corruption of government officials, and said corruption is perpetrated on the most part by corporations. Corporations have far too much influence on the direction of campaigns, perhaps more than that of the people. Once they put a candidate in office, they can gently push the passage of laws that benefit them through the legislative system. This can be viewed through many angles, such as campaign funding, donations, or just outright bribery. This brings up another question: Should such acts be tolerated? If white-collar crimes committed by individuals are heavily persecuted, shouldn’t like crimes committed by large corporations be persecuted in the same way, if not in a more astute fashion? The answer to both of these questions boils down to the same fact- CorporateShow MoreRelatedIs Money A Corrupt?977 Words   |  4 PagesIs Money Speech. The funding of political campaigns and lobbying is one area where the freedom of â€Å"speech† should defiantly be restricted. In the 2000s, a series of court cases that culminated in Citizens United v. FEC have destroyed the ability of the American people to properly regulate election spending. As a result of this, the government has become massively corrupt, the government is now even less accountable to the American people, and the country has been greatly destabilized. Of course,Read MoreSpeech : Is Money Speech?919 Words   |  4 PagesIs Money Speech? The funding of political campaigns and lobbying is one area where the freedom of â€Å"speech† should defiantly be restricted. In the 2000s, a series of court cases that culminated in Citizens United v. FEC have destroyed the ability of the American people to properly regulate election spending. As a result of this, the government has become massively corrupt, the government is now even less accountable to the American people, and the country has been greatly destabilized. Of course,Read MoreFreedom of Speech: Should We Be Spending Money to Transmit Messages?544 Words   |  3 Pagesspeech in the first amendment covers the right to express ideas without unjustifiable government control. 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Funding of this caliber is a classic example of one hand washing the other; there is absolutely no reason to believe that these immense corporations are receiving nothing in return for the large sums of money that they areRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 Pagesfor wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfare and many men, women, and children toiled long hours in unsafe factory conditions. Expanding communications through the widespread use of telephones, magazines, and newspapers brought the plight of the poor and oppressed to middle-class America. Improving personal economics allowed these reformers to think less about personalRead MoreDiscussion On Canadian Magazine Dispute915 Words   |  4 Pagesthink the U.S.-Canadian magazine dispute was motivated by genuine desires to protect Canadian culture? 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Whether it be the influence of corporations on prisons and legislators, the role that racism plays, or the safety of the prisoners. Her solution to these problems is the abolition of jails and prisons by creating policies that will reduce the number of people sent to prison. This would destroy the priso n systemRead MoreThe On The Housing Market Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket discipline is its ability to identify risk and deters immoral behavior. The 2008 financial crisis was induced by the dissolution of market discipline and rampant immoral behavior. Thus, to safeguard against another financial crisis congress should address moral hazard and restore market discipline. The first recommendation is to reduce and limit the size of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Which would allow open competition in the mortgage industry and enable the market to decide the best investments

Ideas that Shaped the Constitution Free Essays

I will discuss 3 main ideas regarding the Federalist Papers. The Federalist Papers wanted to protect the people as a whole, not Just individuals. Before the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideas that Shaped the Constitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Constitution was formed, the leaders believed that a weak central government wouldn’t have enough power to protect the rights of individual people. After the U. S. Constitution was created, the document called for a strong central government, one that would have power over the state governments and provide a unified authority on legislating, nforcing and judging laws. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? The overall purpose of the Federalist Papers was to convince the people that a stronger centralized government would be more protective ot their rights. The Federalist papers were written to convince people to ratify the Constitution The papers discussed the unequivocal experience of the Incompetence of the federal government and the need for a stronger central government. They wanted the public to support the constitution and get involved. Many leaders wanted a entralized government because they feared If the power remained In the states It would eventually tear the government apart. States fought with each other over power and they wanted the power to be centralized not at the states level. The States had more power than the government. Many far-sighted leaders realized that the self-interests of the states would eventually tear the union apart. and that the Articles of Confederation provided no legal or political means to stop it. States quarreled with one another over land claims, commerce regulations, and frequently rected imposts against neighboring states. Although strictly forbidden by the Articles, states established relations and treaties with foreign nations and refused to send much needed tax money to congress. Due to the difficult amendment process, attempts to endow congress with greater authority to tax and to regulate commerce could be stopped by the refusal of a single state. Who was the attended audience? The original purpose ot the Federalist Papers was to elect Pro-constitution delegates to the New York state ratification convention. The proposed audience was the erchants of New York City, whose support was vital if the upstate Antifederalists were to be overpowered. This ettort ultimately tailed. Only nineteen Federalists were elected from New York City, while forty-six Antifederalists were elected from upstate, led by Governor George Clinton. The papers were printed In only a dozen papers Ideas tha mccantsr uC outs10e 0T New York, ana tnelr Innuence on tne overall vote was n the Articles of Confederation fail? The articles of confederation were written to oversee the 13 origin breaking away from Great Britain in 1776. The articles of confeder many reasons. The main reason was that the states had too much federal government weak. There was no one person in charge, the executive branch. Congress didn’t have any power; decisions had all 13 states. Drafted during the years 1776 and 1777, while the c fighting for independence, the Articles of Confederation created a government with most of the governmental powers retained by th Articles provided no separation of branches. Congress, the legisla branch of government. When laws were presented, they required Congress voted as states not as individuals. The Articles of Confe written to govern the interaction of the thirteen original states aft independence from Great Britain in 1776. They proved to be ineff US Constitution was adopted to replace the Articles of Confederati an active government is critical to the protection of individual righ government under the Articles of Confederation was unable to eff individual rights because it did not act directly upon the people, a authority to enforce its laws. The Constitution requires that the pe are needed to ratify the document and decide whether they will t the framers or not. How to cite Ideas that Shaped the Constitution, Papers

MIA By Law Case Study free essay sample

However, this situation shows indirectly violation of the MIA By Law as the audit firm can ask the other audit firm to undertake as if the firm does not have capacity or due to lack of staff results from other factors as well there is restrain that result to the firm cannot perform the audit. But in this case, the situation when Ariff has offered Aminurrashid a certain percentage of the audit fee and Aminurrashid accepted if even though Aminurrashid has reluctant to accept initially is violated MIA By Law under integrity as the principle of integrity requires a professional accountant to be sincere, honest and straight forward in his business relationship and professionals. Aminurrashid should not accept the money and Ariff should not offer the percentage of audit fee as this also will arise the conflict of interest or any threats later. The second situation shows the violation of the MIA By Law is when Ariff accepting the offer instantly without considering the man power that he has. This situation shows that Ariff has violated the professional competence and due care. This is because Ariff need to know either his firm has capability in performing the audit due diligence and due care to avoid the incompetent services which result to unreliable report as well as the audit report can be questioned. The third situation shows in this case is when Ariff spend most of his time in his other company, a construction company and he seldom come to his CA firm and would trust the Audit Seniors to lead the assignments and subsequently review the working papers. In fact, he only comes to his CA office if he needs to sign the independent Auditors Reports or having meeting with his potential and current clients. This violated MIA By Law of professional behavior as the CA has an obligation to act in a consistent manner with the good reputation of profession. However, in this case, Ariff ignore his responsibility in reviewing the audit assignment works by the Senior Auditors which he need to concern on the matter arise that will effect audit report. In fact, as mentioned earlier, the firms are not competent to undertake this client, thus Ariff should also focus on CA office to guide and review the senior auditors’ works as well as engagement performance to avoid the negligence in the performance that discreditable to the accounting professionals. Question 2 Indicate the elements of Quality Control at Engagement level which are not adhered by riff Al-Hakim Associates. (12 marks) When Ariff Al-Hakim Associates accept to undertake a financial statement audit of VCE Construction Work Sdn. Bhd. , the firm do not adhered one of the elements of Quality Control at engagement level which is acceptance and continuance of clients and audit engagements. In this case, the engagement partner should consider the independent and competency of the audit team, the integrity of the principal owners, management and those charged with governance of the entity. These factors, including any conflicts with the existing client, should also be taken into consideration in decisions relating to continuance of client relationship. Moreover, Ariff Al-Hakim Associates does not also obey the ethical requirement. The engagement partner should obtain sufficient information about the audit in order to evaluate whether there are any threats to independence and if they identifies breaches to independence policies or procedures, the partner should take appropriate action to address or eliminate such treats. However, in this case, Ariff as the engagement partner does not perform this element of Quality Control as he easily passed his responsibility to Senior Auditors and also do not communicate promptly to the firm’s actions to resolve the issue on independence and documented conclusion regarding such matter if any. Other than that, Ariff Al-Hakim Associates also does not adhere with the assignment of engagement team. In this element of quality control, the engagement partner should ensure that the audit is in accordance with professional standards and in line with the regulatory requirements. Quality control on assignment of audit team should ensure that the personnel of the audit team have the necessary technical training and proficiency required in the circumstances. However, in this case each team consist of one audit senior, one audit assistant and trainers which have small manpower and Ariff also ignore the technical training on the team, especially on trainees. In addition, Ariff Al-Hakim Associates also do not adhere with the engagement level that should be implemented in quality control. The engagement partner is responsible for the overall direction and performance of the audit engagement. Such responsibility covers not only risk assessment and audit planning but also the supervision. Before the audit report is issued, the engagement partner should review the audit documentation to ensure that sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained to support audit opinion in the report. However, Arif Al-Hakim as a partner ignore his responsibility as he trust the audit senior to lead the assignments and subsequently review the working paper. Question 3 Discuss the type of audit report that Ariff Al-Hakim Associates should be issued to Deenurleez Weeding Planner Sdn. Bhd.? (6 marks) The type of audit report that riff Al-Hakim Associates should issue to Deenurliz Weeding Planner Sdn. Bhd. Is qualified audit report. In this case, there is a limitation on scope that leads to departure from unqualified auditor’s report. In this case, during the course o audit, Ariff faced problem in verifying the debtor’s outstanding balance as the accounting book of records are incomplete and unsystematic. In addition, the staff of Deenurliz Wedding Planner Sdn. Bhd. was not cooperative in helping the auditor solves the problems. Moreover, the auditor intention to send confirmation to debtors was mistakenly understood by the client and they prohibit the auditor from sending the confirmation to the debtors. Thus, we should issue a disclaimer audit report because of these limitations of scope on the audit. The auditor disclaims an opinion on the financial statements because the possible effect on the limitation of scope is so material and pervasive that the auditor has not been able to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence to form an opinion on the overall financial statement. As in this case, the amount of debtor is considered as material and they affect other items in financial statement such as sales and cash account. Question 4 Briefly explain on the scope paragraph in the Independent’s Auditors Report. (4 marks) The auditor’s report is the main product or output of the audit. The audit report, also known as the audit opinion, is the culmination of a process of collecting and evaluating sufficient appropriate evidence concerning the true and fair view presentation of management’s assertions in the financial statements. The auditor’s report on financial statements provides authorititative guidance on the basic elements and forms of audit reports. The auditor’s report advices users whether the auditee’s financial statement have been prepared in accordance with stated set of accounting principle (GAAP), whether they are free from material misstatement. Thus, the report is an assurance whether the financial statement information presented by the auditee is materially trustworthy for making various decisions. However, under certain circumstances, it is not appropriate for the auditors to issue a clean opinion or an unqualified report. The two basic reasons an auditor may be unable to express an unqualified opinion are limitation of scope and disagreement between auditor’s view and management’s view. Hence, there will be three types of audit reports resulting from scope limitation or disagreement. There are qualified report, disclaimer report, and adverse report. If there is material effect on the financial statements, the auditor would conclude that the issue of an unqualified report is not appropriate.

The Hunter Trials Essay Example

The Hunter Trials Paper Hunter Trials is a humorous poem written by renowned author John Betjemen. The poem captures the thoughts and feelings of a young girl who is competing in a gymkhana. The overall structure and vocabulary of the poem is uncomplicated and therefore adds interest and comedy to the text. The poem contains eight verses, each of which contain four lines. There is an apparent rhyming scheme of lines two and four, and one and three. The poem is in first person and allows the writer to portray his ideas more clearly. During the poem, John Betjemen stereotypes posh people and reflects on their accents and way of speech such as: Do, lend her some bits, Mummy, do. This therefore ties in with the subject and makes the poem humorous. The writer also includes several bizarre and unusual names such as Geyser and Blewitt These names are positioned at the end of the lines and makes the poem more humorous. As well as that, the last verse finishes off the poem well. The sentence: And my silly old collar bones bust Represents the spoiled child that John tried to capture throughout this poem. Yet the main factor that contributes to the comedy of the poem is the sequence of the events. For instance, the idea of fishing down the horses throat with a spanner is in itself amusing. Overall, the poem uses several techniques and use of words to portray the bright and amusing side of a gymkhana. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunter Trials specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunter Trials specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunter Trials specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Dogged and Doggedly

Dogged and Doggedly Dogged and Doggedly Dogged and Doggedly By Maeve Maddox Any uncertainty about the pronunciation of the adjective dogged and the adverb doggedly usually centers on whether to pronounce the -ed as a separate syllable, so I was surprised the other day to hear an announcer on a classical music station have trouble with the double g. The announcer, a young one, judging by his uncertain delivery and the sound of his voice, was reading a program note about a composer who had â€Å"worked doggedly† on some composition. The announcer pronounced doggedlywith some difficultyas [DOJ-ed-ly]. Doggedly [DOG-id-lee] is an adverb corresponding to the adjective dogged [DOG-id]. dogged (adjective): having the persistence or tenacity characteristic of some breeds of dog; obstinate, stubborn, resolute. doggedly (adverb): With the persistence of a dog; obstinately, stubbornly; resolutely. Most English words spelled with double g followed by ed are pronounced as one syllable, for example: bagged [BAGd] The hunter bagged a deer. nagged [NAGd] Her husband nagged her to lose weight. plugged [PLUGd] The cook plugged the holes in the kitchen baseboard with aluminum foil. rigged [RIGd] The children rigged a tent with bed sheets. In each of these examples the double-g word is the past tense of a verb. A few double-g words–like dogged–are adjectives. In these words, the ed is pronounced as a separate syllable: jagged [JAG-id] The garment was ruined by a jagged cut down the center. rugged, ragged [RUG-id, RAG-id] Around the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran. bowlegged [boh-LEG-id] The stereotypical cowboy is bowlegged. Here are some examples of the usage of dogged and doggedly: Those born on March 19 have the dogged persistence needed to achieve their ends and know how to use their charm and allure to help them. The same dogged determination that drove tech entrepreneur Steve Jobs to control every aspect of Apples products [] might have also led to his personal downfall. Suzanne Spaak worked doggedly to save the lives of Jewish children who were facing deportation to the German death camps. The Queen Mary battered her way through the storm with her decks awash. Lily Pons, clutching a rope, sang doggedly through the night. Because the words dogged and doggedly are synonymous with stubborn and stubbornly, it’s redundant to talk about â€Å"dogged stubbornness,† but people do it: The shy, childlike appearance of Pilar Primo de Rivera belied her dogged stubbornness. It is also pertinent that although he wasnt physically strong, he was endowed with such dogged stubbornness that he achieved what he wanted. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should Know60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†9 Forms of the Past Tense

The Volatile Social Upheavals of the Stormy Sixties Essay

The Volatile Social Upheavals of the Stormy Sixties - Essay Example   The third, precipitated by default into the presidency, grappled boldly with the unrest and turmoil through a second term only to surrender the battle to highly entangled political dissolution shortly before the sixties gave way to the seventies.   Martin Luther King Jr., distinctively honored in 1964 with the Nobel Peace Prize as its youngest laureate, had entered a civil rights movement already in progress, to take the forefront as an advocate for non-violence in one of the most momentous and far-reaching social upheavals of the decade. Yet, paradoxically, the civil rights leader's appalling assassination on April 4, 1968, unleashed an unfortunate surge of violence in major cities across the nation.   Martin Luther King's mission reached beyond black civil rights into associated issues of inner-city poverty. In 1965 in Selma, Alabama, his voter-registration crusade culminated in the Selma-to-Montgomery Freedom March. The civil-rights leader later took on Chicago where he pushed programs to clean up the slums and secure affordable housing. There King encountered young blacks heady with the concept of Black Power who gave little heed to his appeals for nonviolent protest. The impasse led to his adoption of stronger support for an end to the war in Vietnam along with the predominant thrust for civil-rights, a move that some felt spread the movement too thin. Nonetheless, the well-timed shift drew new blood into the crusade in response to the fresh bid for peace.   As King went on to tackle domestic issues of urban poverty, proposing national boycotts and nonviolent camp-ins, he envisioned a huge march of the poor on Washington, with a show of such power and size that Congress would be forced to deal with the enormous numbers of destitute and exploited Americans, but at the age of 39 the bullet of an unabashed mercenary silenced those plans. Posterity, left to speculate what might have been, was nonetheless to profit greatly from the enduring legacy of his all-too-abrupt loss.   

Pathophysiology Progressive Condition and End-of-Life Debate Research Paper

Pathophysiology Progressive Condition and End-of-Life Debate - Research Paper Example This essay first traces the breast cancer as one of the most common cancers causing almost 7% of all cancer deaths and 2% of all deaths in the United States. Many people believe breast cancer affects only the breast tissue until the unfortunate situation of metastasis. There are many cases in which breast cancer and metastasis can affect a number of other systems, including the brain, liver and bone tissues. One of the most common signs of breast cancer is a lump in the breast, although other changes in the breast tissue such as thickening, changes in colour and swelling are also reported. The breast can also show signs of pain, although breast pain is common in women and should not be confused with breast cancer. As the disease progresses and metastasizes, a number of other symptoms can be seen. For bone metastases, the patient can expect to feel bone pain. Other symptoms of bone metastases include breakages in the bone due to weakened bone tissue and hypercalcemia, which would be p icked up by routine examination. Breast carcinomas can also metastasize to the brain. The signs of a secondary brain tumour are numerous, and include consistent headache, changes in vision, seizures, stroke or brain haemorrhage, changes in mental status, difficulty with speech or other everyday actions, confusion, loss of control, uncontrolled bladder or bowel movements, back pain, more generalized pain, weakness, vomiting and nausea, double vision, slurred speech, and anxiety. (Gavrilovic & Posner, 2005). Finally, breast cancer can also metastasize to the liver. Signs that this has occurred include anorexia, confusion, fevers, nausea and weight loss (Yarbro, Wujcik & Gobel, 2011). Pathophysiological Causes of Breast Cancer All cancers have similar mechanisms in the way that they develop. All cancers are genetic in that a mutation or

The Utah Symphony Before The Merger Management Essay

The Utah Symphony Before The Merger Management Essay multiple financial and leadership strengths and weaknesses of the Utah Symphony, which were in place before the merger. The Symphonys main financial strength was their endowment fund, which was more than $10 million. The revenues that were earned as a result of the performance of over 200 concerts earn more than $3 million in the year 2000. All of the musicians had signed contracts with the Utah Symphony, which put into agreement a yearly salary for each person in return for their work. The companys main financial weakness is that it was not able to make changes to the amount that the media shows were paid per year since the decisions for amount of funds for each contract were set in stone in previously agreed upon by the leaders of the Symphonys board. After the terrorist attacks of, stock market crash, and Americas recession. There was a large decrease in the the sales of tickets for the Symphony, and many other visual and performing arts facilities in this country. These events al so calls many of the foundation pledges of supporting organizations to become a unfulfilled because those organizations were also going through a financial crisis due to the economy. The main leadership strength of the is Keith Lockhart who is the Symphonys director of music. He presents the role of a true leader by helping out his musicians in the building them into one of the top 20 symphonies in America. The leadership weakness is that the CEO of the Symphony, Scott Parker is resigning from his position. A1a. In this section I will recommend the key steps that Anne should take to address these weaknesses to ensure a successful start of the merger: 1. Analyze the problems that both organizations had been facing before the merger. 2. Discuss the details of the merger with the leaders of both organizations. 3. Discuss the details of the previous contract and salary agreement for the musicians, so that everyone could be aware what types of decisions should be avoided. 4. Interview potential candidates who are qualified and can take the position of the previous CEO. 5. Inform the musicians and employees of the advantages and disadvantages that may occur if the merger may or may not take place. 6. Provide feedback to all who have concerns or ideas that could increase the success of the merger. 7. Produce a balanced scorecard, which shows the strategic goals of the merger. A2. There are multiple financial and leadership strengths and weaknesses of the Utah Opera, which were in place before the merger. The main financial strength is its endowment fund and the amount of $5 million. The opera also had assets in the amount of $4.8 million in performance equipment and landscape ownership. The hardwork and support in fundraising by Anne Ewers lead to the paying off of $450,000 in bills of the organization. The financial weaknesses of the opera before the merger are lower profits from revenues of decreased tickets sales and fundraisisng events. There is also adequate funding to make up for the increase in annual expenses. The main leaderdship strength is the support and work ethic of Anne Ewer. She has been working for the organization for eleven years and lead in the accomplishments of promoting fundrisiang andhelping the organization to get out of debt. The organizations leadership weakness is the lack of negotiationg that is allowed for the musicians salaries Another weakness is that it also no longer has its director of operations, Leslie Peterson to back them up in their efforts since that person is no longer with the organization. A2a. In this section I will recommend the key steps that Anne should take to address these weaknesses to ensure a successful start of the merger: 1. Analayze the budgets and financial performance of the organization to determine the areas of weakness. 2. Have weekly meetings with all the leaders of the organization. 3. Brainstorm to obtain all possible ideas that could ensure that the mergers gets started off on the right track. 4. Assign job tasks to all of the leaders so that they could aid in the support of the merger. 5. Create new guidelines for the collective bargaining process. 6. Design more fundraising opportunines for the Opera to raise money. 7. Research and request additional grants that would support the merger. A3. Utah Symphony Financial: The financial aspect shows the financial goals that the organization want to achieve in the future. It also shows what the budgeting and fundraising that needs to be accomplished in order to meet these goals. Customer: The customer aspect shows the organizations goals to meet the needs of its customers. The Sympony is aware that they have to work hard to maintain a audience because they are the main source of income for the ticket sales. They must always provide quality performances to keep their current customers and attract new ones. Internal Process: The internal process aspect focuses on increasing the funding that the organization receives. The symphony must come up with new ways to earn money through fundraising it can promote profability. Adherance to budgets would also be beneficial for them because it can allow them to steer away from spending too much on expenses which they cannot afford. Learning and Growth: The learning and growth aspects can greatly contribute to strengthen the Symphony at this time in the economy. The performance should be fexible and not stick to one standard performance, so that it could attract new audiences which were not previously interested in what they had to offer. Utah Opera Financial: The financial aspect focuses on the goal to have a financially strong opera by increasing the endowment funds and promotion of fundraisers. It would be a working progress since they are not currently financially stable but their productivity will pay off in the long run. Customer: The opera needs to increase the attendance of the performance. They can do they using new marketing techniques and lowering the prices of the tickets so that more customers would be encouraged to attend the performances. This could lead to the opera becoming recognized on the national and regional levels. Internal Process: The internal process aspect fouses on keeping quality musicians on staff and attracting new talented musicians. This could lead to a financially stable opera because they would have the talent to back them up in their efforts. This talent would also encourage the customers to spread the word to others about the astounding performances of the musicians. Learning and Growth: The learning and growth aspects focus goals to increase the amount of tickets that are being sold at the performances and also increase its endowment funds. They are able to achieve this by maintain quality performances and incorporating new ways to attract customers to the performances. The scorecards for the opera and symphony both represent the differing cultures and visions of the company by focusing on the desires of the people in society while at the same time increasing its profitability. Their visions of becoming a world class symphony and nationally renowned opera can be accomplished by keeping their customers happy by giving performances that go above and beyond their expectations. The scorecards for both addresses their strengths and weaknesses because it lists important details of the factors that strengthen than and also the factors that are not beneficial in promoting their stability. B. Balanced Scorecard Balanced Scorecard The vision for the combined organizations is to become a unified world class and nationally renowned organization. The business model is to provide high-quality performances which would result in an increase in profits and endowment funds. Financial Strategic Goal: Become financially stable by increasing revenues received annually. Critical Success Factor: Increase fund raising and endowments. Measure: Increase the reserve fund and organization profitability. Customer Strategic Goal: Focus on the desires for their performances regionally, nationally, and around the world. Critical Success Factor: Hire talented musicians who can aid in the success. Measure: Reach out to society, sell out performances, and receive feedback after performances. Internal Process Strategic Goal: Sustain financial flexibility by decresing expenses and recruiting new talented musicians Critical Success Factor: Ensure that the contracts of the musians are renegotiated. Measure: Improve profibalitiy and increase ticket sales. Learning and Growth Strategic Goal: Increase the varitety of performances to attract new audiences. Critical Success Factor: Develop new marketing plans to increase revenues. Measure: Increase ticket sales and sustain a returning audience. C. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed merged company, addressing the  four  aspects of the scorecard you developed in part B. Financial Strenghts : This merging would offer the necessary supplies, cost discount rates in management, employment and purchasing that the company needs to help maintain functions while maintain solution prices. They would also benefit from the mixed fundraising events, and increase in revenues from the ticket sells from the combined larger audience that would be in attendance for the performances. Financial Weaknesses : Both of the organizations have to efficiently market this merging to the public to be able to have a increase in the size of the audience due to he viewer being unfamiliar with the experience of a merger. The organizations must also hire new musicians who are more talented than the current ones on the staff so that the audience would be motivated to attend the performances. Customer Strengths: The merging would be regarded an achievements if it is able to entice a new viewers while creating sure that the activities are developed to provide them what they want to see. Additional performances would allow flexibility and encourage more viewers to attend since it would fit with their schedules. Customer Weaknesses: The merging could be regarded as a failure if the viewers are not impressed by the skills of the performers . They could also be discouraged from attending it the quality of the performances do not meet their expectations. Internal Process Strengths: Both of the organizations have hardworking leaders whose efforts would be used toward ensuring that the merger is a success and overcoming obstacles that they may face in the future. This would result in a stronger management team that could be a backbone for the organization and its musicians. Internal Process Weakness: The merger could be considered a failure if the organizations are not able to renegotiate the salaries of its current musicians. This could result in the musicians leaving the organization, and also the inability of the organizations to recruit new musicians due its current situation. Learning and Growth Strengths: The merger could lead to a variety of performances which would attract new viewers who were not previously interested in performing arts. It would also increase the talent of the musicians by allowing them to teach each other new skills that they may have not known before. Learning and Growth Weakness: The merger of the organizations could possibly present an obstacle because their expenses are more than the revenues. If the amount of the revenues are not increased in the future to take care of the expenses, the merger would be a failure and increase the debt of the organizations. D.   Identify  one  highly probable issue that could arise during the merger process for  each  of the following areas: †¢Ã‚   Finance †¢Ã‚   Human resources †¢Ã‚   Customer satisfaction Finance: The merger could result in a increase of overhead and operating expenses since there would have to be a increase in space to accommodate the combine audience and the group of musicians. This could be over come by increasing the amount of fundraising that both of the organizations promote each year. human resources: The staff of the human resource department could feel like the merger has become a burden for them because they now have more job tasks to deal with due to the increase in staff. If the organizations do not hire additional employees for the human resource departments, their merging efforts could lead to much confusion. customers satisfaction: The satisfaction of the customers decrease if the talents of the opera are not increase to equal to the amount of talent as the symphony. Both organizations have skills, but the symphomy has become more established by reaching larger audicences and obtaining higher revenures in ticket sales. If the musicians from both organizations do not practice as a group, the customer could notice a difference in lower quality of the performances. D1. Finance: To efficiently create new fundraising events, selected board members from the opera and symphony would need to evaluate their previous successful fundraising events concepts and create a plan for applying new finance increasing strategies. Human Resources: To be able to efficiently settle agreements and incomes the management organizations must have a solid combined negotiating unit. The organizations could also share wheir management techniques. Customer Satisfaction: To be able to keep an open line interaction with their customers, the staff must create a survey to be able to receive reviews from their new and existing customers, also by developing a strong strategy as a way of hiring new customers.

Employment Relations Essay

At the most fundamental level, employment relationship involves monetary exchange where there is contract between an employer and employee to obtain the output of employee’s ability to work. (Balnave et al. 2007) This relationship can often result in either dispute or collaboration within an organization. More often than not, the different aspects of the nature of employment relationship tend to likely generate conflicts between the employers and employees. The focus would be on industrial conflict, which from time to time occurs between managers and workers, the classification of conflicts and what are some of the theories which describes the situation of industrial conflicts in Singapore. As defined by Komhauser et al., industrial conflict is ‘the total range of behaviours and attitudes that express opposition and divergent orientations between industrial owners and managers, on the one hand, and working people and their organisations on the other hand’ (1954,13). Singapore is generally noted as a peaceful country with minimal industrial conflicts. This mainly attributed to the presence of strict regulations against overt conflicts as stated in the requirements of ‘restrictions on strikes and lock-outs’ (Attorney General Chambers 2009). The presence of mediation or conciliation channel also assisted in the resolution of concerning issues. Conflicts are seen to be complicated and in Singapore, some causes or outline that are governed by theories of Industrialisation, Institutionalisation, Political, Economic and Social factors. More of these would be looked into further in this essay. Overt and Covert Conflicts Opposing behaviours and attitudes can be classified into 2 categories, namely overt conflict and covert conflict. According to Petzall et al. (2007), overt conflicts are conflicts which are planned and joint by two or more persons, thus observable by the public. Examples of such conflicts include strikes, lockouts, work to rule where employees perform only duties which are indicated in their contracts, political demonstrations and many more. Petzall et al. (2007) also mentioned that covert conflicts are conflicts which are unplanned, concerns individual and hence less observable by the public. Examples would include absenteeism, work sabotage, job-hopping where people change jobs to get better pay or pursue their personal interest as well as low work efficiency. Covert conflict is seen to prevail over overt conflict in terms of the financial losses of a business. In Singapore’s context, it would be considered illegal to have overt conflicts due to the existing strict criminal law stated in Attorney General Chambers (2009) Despite the fact that there were strict laws to adhere to, there are several channels such as Industrial Arbitration Court (IAC), Case Trust, Ministry of Manpower (MOM), National Trade Union Congress (NTUC) and more, where individuals could approach to resolve certain conflicts they experienced. For example, Sharon (2011) reported on a case of disagreement between SIA and SilkAir pilots and their company over their flight payment. The issue was referred to Industrial Arbitration Court (IAC) where the judge proposed that the company could have constant observation of the flight schedule to make sure there is fair payouts distribution. In this scenario, IAC had acted as a conciliator. The reduction of conflict in Singapore is also due to tripartism, wage reform and labour legislation. In tripartism, there is involvement of managers, employees and ‘other systems such as political, social, economic, technological, cultural and legal systems’ (Tan 2007, p.27). These parties would resolve matters in a diplomatic manner. The establishment of National Wage Council (NWC) brings about tripartism where workers’ wages are evaluated and wage reform, where there is flexibility in the wage payouts, was introduced. Tan (2004) mentioned that the benefits were studied and it was found that having flexibility enables organizations to make swift modifications to their cost computation during economic variations so as to be cost competitive. Organisations also could reduce wages during difficult time and give incentive in better times which assisted in allowing workers to stay in their job. The introduction of Employment Act also played a major role in providing regulations on the conditions of work. The use of frames of reference is a necessary and essential tool to better identify a person’s view and actions on employment relations. Fox recognized three frames of reference, namely the unitarist, pluralist and radical frames. (McCourt W.;Eldridge D.,2003) Unitarist The underlying theory of this perspective is that ‘employment relationship is based on mutual cooperation and a harmony of interest between employers and employees’ (Balnave et al. 2007, p.10) In this circumstances, the targets and objectives of the organisation are universal. Management is viewed as the only authority and managers see their power to make independent decisions of their business without being hindered by government, workers or unions. Trade unions are not embraced and are considered as interference to the harmony of the organisation. The presence of industrial conflict is regarded as having poor management or failure to lead effectively. As a result of this perception, the various interests between the management and labour were not recognised. Pluralist In this approach, conflicts are regarded as unavoidable. It recognises that organisations are made up of cluster of individuals with their own goals, interests and direction. (Balnave et al. 2007, p.11) To prevent damage of diverse interest, measures and regulations have to be in place and use, leading to the ‘institutionalisation of conflict’. This ensures that there is equal distribution of power amongst stakeholders. Trade unions are welcome as it permits employees to have a say in what concerns them in their organisation. Singapore can be seen to have more of a pluralist approach from the formation of NTUC which consists of representative of employees. These representatives are given the opportunity to voice and negotiate over the terms and condition of their employment and their opinions are also taken into consideration in the management’s decisions. NTUC branch representatives also involve themselves in collective bargaining where feedback could effectively be gathered on concerning issues. On the other hand, another trade union known as Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) was also set up to represent the employers’ interest. Radical/Marxist It consists of a wider scope as compared to unitarist and pluralist viewpoint. This perception involves society being segmented into different status where there is unfair allocation of power between those who has financial capabilities and those who can only offer their labour. The status difference caused the incompatibility between employers and employees. (Balnave et al. 2007, p.11) Singapore Industrial Relations System Anantaraman (1990) suggested that Singapore’s economy is made up of industrial relations system and production system. Both systems are in reliant of one another as the consequences of the industrial relations system would result in the contribution of the production system. Industrialisation Industrialisation has often been associated with industrial conflict. Ross and Hartman (1960) mentioned that the type of strikes of a particular country is connected to the country’s industrial relation system. This theory maps out four patterns, namely North European (type 1), North European (type 2), Mediterranean/Asian and North American. Singapore could probably be classified under North European (type 1) where the government has been actively engaging its interest in the economy of Singapore. There have been continuous efforts by the government to attract more and more foreign talent. Ramesh (2011) quoted what former Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew said that, ‘Singapore would not be able to punch above its own weight if it were to depend on talent from its own population’. As technology progresses, the stress placed on workers for major scale and non-stop productions increases the likelihood of industrial conflict. (Woodward 1958) This again could be due to Marxist perspective where workers with lower status could only provide their labour output as they do not have any capital and those who has the capital would maximise these labour’s output for high profits. Institutionalisation Wright Mills (1948) recognised that there are four phases where institutionalisation is related to the pattern of conflict. The first phase is where trade unions are against the negotiation prerogative of businesses and the focus is on individuals. It is unplanned and can be aggressive. The second phase involves businesses restructuring themselves into associations to oppose the rising authority of trade unions. As a result, the bargaining outline became more national and industry based, converting conflicts into a more organised manner. Third phase went on to become an effective mediating stage while the trade unions’ viewpoints are overruled diplomatically in the fourth phase. At the last phase, trade unions developed tactics to advance into institutions, involving the workers to be part of the economy. They also engage themselves in conflict resolution and labour contracts. For the case of Singapore, NTUC has been strengthening ties with other businesses and unions such as National Taxi Association, Cathay Cineplexes Food & Drinks Allied Workers’ Union and Housing and Development Board Staff Union. NTUC has also been participating enthusiastically in collective bargaining assembly. Ciegg (1976) also mentioned that the more thorough the difference of opinion reconciled with collective bargaining, the lesser strikes would occur. According to Wright Mills (1948), trade unions and business associations are formed to counteract each other. This led to the nation’s participation where trade unions becomes engage in politics and in turn affects the government policies. Political Factors Conflict is determined by the sharing of political power distribution. Singapore’s trade union has a unique relationship with the government, People’s Action Party (PAP) as most of the members within PAP used to be part of the union. Halimah Yacob being the Deputy Secretary General of NTUC and a Minister would attend cabinet conference and address worker’s issues. As such, this helped in the reduction of conflicts. It is cited by Korpi and Shalev (1979) that the greater admittance to the government contributes to lesser occurrence of conflict. Economic Factors As indicated by Paldham and Pederson (1982), the changing models of conflicts are due to adjustments of wage present in variety of workers. It is researched by Smith et al. (1978) that there are four factors namely amount of income, labour concentration, organisation size and dominance of women in workforce determine the differences in conflict. Those who earn high income in Singapore vie for better income. There is also a significant increase in women joining the workforce according to statistics produced. (Ministry of Manpower 2011) Social Factors Notwithstanding to economic factors, social factors also play a part in ensuring minimal conflict. Mayo (1933) explained that while worker’s economic needs are met and the social needs are not met, there would be high possibility of conflict and presence of low spirits in the workplace. One aspect of social needs would consist of communication. NTUC promotes its dedication to be one which has open communications in the workplace, free from prejudice regardless of any type of individuals. Conclusion Several theories have been discussed pertaining to the causes of industrial conflict. There are many more theories surrounding the area of industrial conflict and it differs in different countries depending on the industrial systems and the governance present. It would be impossible for a country or any organization not to have any conflicts. However, Singapore can be considered successful in handling overt conflicts as shown through the legislation in place and also a variety of mediation or conciliation bodies such as NTUC, IAC or MOM which are available for different employees or employers to approach. Finally, there has to be active listening and pro-activeness by the government on dealing with the burning issues occurring constantly as time progress so that conflicts can remain manageable. Reference Anantaraman, V. 1900, Singapore Industrial Relations System, Linographic Services Pte Ltd, Singapore Attorney General Chambers, 2009, Illegal Strikes And Lock-outs in Essential Services, Singapore, viewed 18 February 2012, Balnave,N., Brown,J., Maconachie,G. and Stone,R. 2007, Employment relations in Australia, John Wiley and Sons, Milton, Qld Ministry of Manpower. 2011, Singapore Workforce, 2011, MRSD, Singapore, viewed 20 February 2012, Petzall, S, Abbott, K and Timo, N, 2007, Australian industrial relations in an Asian context, 3rd ed, Eruditions Publishing, Cowes Victoria Ramesh, S. 2011, ‘S’pore cannot do without foreign talent: Ex-MM Lee’, 22 July, viewed 18 February 2012, Sharon, S. 2011, ‘IAC rejects pilots’ proposal on flight allowance’, 21 October, viewed 23 February 2012, Tan Soo San 2004, Wage Reform And Tripartism: A Test of Trust at Work, Centre for Governance And Leadership, Singapore, viewed 25 February 2012,

Is the current welfare system a problem Essay

Poverty and inequality has always been the problem that confronts the many leaders of different nations. It was a long weary issue yet unfaltering. The many times we can behold it, the many times will I yell the grievances of the poor and the deprived. Hierarchy of classes occurs since time immemorial. The Biblical times even have account for that, but the most disgusting is the continuous perpetuation of the situation, the despicable and unfathomable exploitation of the poor by the elites and the growing wealth disparity. How many times did proposals were made and yet proposals remain as it is, it never attempt to address the basic needy of the poor. People grew weary and tired in of hoping that all their ails were to be address accordingly, but it was always a fancy illusion. When somebody toils for subsistence, the state always exploits him, his vulnerable soul. Heavy taxes and the cost of living were surging. How can he find fulfillment in a society, which he lives thereby/ it’s all useless. Even justice was at all naught. It favors those who live in luxury and never was fashioned to the marginal population. In every corners of the world, anvil is laid for the rich, and never for the poor. Sometimes, you cannot blame for their wrongdoings, for their transgression on the lives of others. The society pushes them to do so, and apparently, their body reacts. Even the figures published by the government were all falsely done. In a broader perspective poverty does not alleviate, it even upsurge. We need not to dig deeper on the and establish a methodology to measure a single family their capability or incapability to sustain their family to come up to a conclusive grounds that they are really belongs to the poverty line. It is more then enough to see their famished predisposition. But famish must be understood not on its context only. Everybody feels famish at times, anyway. Famish co-exist with duration. The longevity of being coiled to starvation is not a natural process of life. It is a disease inflicted by the society’s unsophisticated individuals. Thus, it is problems that need to be resolve before it’s too late to mend it. Enough for the hullabaloo’s of many politicians who intermittently exhibit their philanthropist being, because as quoted and which I have absorb the lot â€Å"those that are lavish in words are niggard in deeds†, it is undoubtedly true. We cannot deny the fact that we are inclined to let things bend over us, to satisfy our tiny whims or our desire to shower ourselves with gold. But let this not blind us. In the far end, we will become the victim of our addiction. For if we let the hurricane whirls on our surrounding and we keep still, we will sink in the center and drown out to death. The powerless and aimless vast number and keeps on expanding poverty-stricken families will one day, gain their leverage to unite in numbers and fight the oppressors of the world, to oust them in power and to establish a society devoid of injustices and inequality. The rise of modernism aggravated the plight of the poor; you cannot blame them to raise a couple of counter reactions against the elites; their rights and privileges were deprived and naturally, they were determined to assert it. Why should we wait for ‘Nature’s vendetta’ to come when we can make tiny reparations and adjustments to give what is due for our brothers and sisters. This about it, tomorrow will never become brighter, while the remnants of injustices are alive. Yet, we are looking forward to a brighter future. Let’s then mark an end to widening poverty line in our own tiny ways.

The For An Anonymous Donor Program - 985 Words

Additionally, while there are solutions to the organ shortage problem, there are also alternative solutions. The first alternative solution is to establish an anonymous donor program, where organs are donated and received from complete strangers. An advantage to an anonymous donor program would be that, it would eliminate the social bias and the medical bias. On the other hand, a disadvantage would be that, the recipient of the organ would know nothing about the donor. That could present issues for someone that uses their religion to guide their decision when choosing an organ donor. The second alternative solution is a reward system of organ donation. People that donate organs could receive money in return for their donation. That money could either come from the recipient of the organ, or an established organization. A disadvantage to a reward system of organ donation is that, people would be donating organs for the extrinsic value of the act, instead of doing it to help the greater good of someone else. Another problem that could arise is that, people would begin to feel entitled to receiving an organ if they are wealthy or come from a high level of society. On the other hand, an advantage could be that, more people would begin to donate organs if they knew that they would be receiving something in return. So while there are many solutions and alternative solutions to the organ shortage problem, the ultimate solution is stem cell research. A stem cell canShow MoreRelatedEssay about Sperm Donation: A Viable Option828 Words   |  4 Pagesput their children in school, specifically for their betterment, we should also federally mandate that the use of a sperm donor must be noted on a child’s birth certificate. 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